What physiological changes in older adults affect the cough reflex?

The cough reflex is a critical mechanism for clearing the airway and protecting the lungs from aspiration and infection. In older adults, one of the notable physiological changes is a decreased cough reflex sensitivity. This means that older individuals may not respond as readily to irritants or stimuli that would normally trigger a cough in younger people. Factors such as reduced lung function, decreased neurological responsiveness, and changes in the composition and function of airway secretions all contribute to this diminished sensitivity. Consequently, older adults may be at a higher risk for respiratory complications since their ability to effectively clear secretions and foreign materials from the airways is compromised. Understanding this change is essential for recognizing the unique challenges faced by older adults in respiratory health.